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Caught between Aristotle an...

Caught between Aristotle and Miss Marple... - A Proposal for a Perceptual Prototype Approach to "Estuary English"

Ediciones Complutense 2017-01-10

More than thirty years after the term was coined by David Rosewarne (1984), linguists have not come anywhere near to agreeing on a linguistically sound definition of the concept of 'Estuary English' (EE). Nevertheless, the term has come to stay. According to John Wells (2013), "we can now expect to be readily understood if we describe someone's speech as 'estuarial'". In this paper, I will argue that 'Estuary English' is the name for a heuristic conceived of and popularized by linguistic laypeople and therefore defying expert linguistic analysis in terms of Aristotelian categories, even sociolinguistically "enlightened" ones. Following Taylor (2003) and Kristiansen (2008), I will suggest describing the resulting folk-linguistic category in terms of the graded structure/prototype approach. In support of the prototype hypothesis, I will present data from an on-going project in perceptual dialectology. It includes judgements of gradience of membership of 171 speakers from the South East of England, the Midlands and Scotland. Asked to rate the recordings of three young middle-class speakers from three Southeastern towns, these speaker-listeners are remarkably consistent in their responses and sometimes remarkably at odds with the analysis of expert linguists

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analitica Rebiun30758137 https://catalogo.rebiun.org/rebiun/record/Rebiun30758137 200221s2017 xx o 000 0 eng d https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CJES/article/view/54452 10.5209/CJES.54452 S9M oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/54452 https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/index/oai CJES DGCNT S9M S9M OCLCO dc Caught between Aristotle and Miss Marple... - A Proposal for a Perceptual Prototype Approach to "Estuary English" electronic resource] Ediciones Complutense 2017-01-10 Ediciones Complutense application/pdf Open access content. Open access content star More than thirty years after the term was coined by David Rosewarne (1984), linguists have not come anywhere near to agreeing on a linguistically sound definition of the concept of 'Estuary English' (EE). Nevertheless, the term has come to stay. According to John Wells (2013), "we can now expect to be readily understood if we describe someone's speech as 'estuarial'". In this paper, I will argue that 'Estuary English' is the name for a heuristic conceived of and popularized by linguistic laypeople and therefore defying expert linguistic analysis in terms of Aristotelian categories, even sociolinguistically "enlightened" ones. Following Taylor (2003) and Kristiansen (2008), I will suggest describing the resulting folk-linguistic category in terms of the graded structure/prototype approach. In support of the prototype hypothesis, I will present data from an on-going project in perceptual dialectology. It includes judgements of gradience of membership of 171 speakers from the South East of England, the Midlands and Scotland. Asked to rate the recordings of three young middle-class speakers from three Southeastern towns, these speaker-listeners are remarkably consistent in their responses and sometimes remarkably at odds with the analysis of expert linguists English Estuary English; variety; Aristotelian category; prototype category; perception info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Altendorf, Ulrike. cre Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol. 24 (2016); 131-154 2386-3935 https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CJES/article/view/54452/50279 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2003). Estuary English: Levelling at the Interface of RP and South-Eastern British English. Tübingen: Narr /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2004). Is English becoming more natural and more democratic? The role of language-internal and language-external factors in accounting for current trends in RP, South-eastern British English and beyond. In Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise, Lena Bergström, Gerd Eklund et al., eds., 85-98 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2012). 122. Varieties of English: Estuary English. In Bergs, Alexander Bergs and Laurel Brinton, eds., 1913-1927 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2013). Where does the notion of 'variety' start and end? -A proposal for a prototype approach to language variation. In Monika Reif, Justyna A. Robinson and Martin Pütz, eds., 299-326 /*ref*/Ammon, Ulrich, Norbert Dittmar and Klaus J. Mattheier, eds. (1987). An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, Vol. 1, Sociolinguistics/ Sociolinguistik. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter /*ref*/Aristoteles. Metaphyiscs. Trans. W.D. Ross. The Internet Classics Archive. 1994-2009. Web. 7th January 2015. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Bailey, Charles-James N. and Roger W. Shuy, eds. (1973). New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English. Washington: Georgetown University Press /*ref*/Beeching, Kate, Nigel Armstrong and Françoise Gadet, eds. (2009). Sociolinguistic Variation in Contemporary French. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins /*ref*/Bergs, Alexander and Laurel Brinton, eds. (2012). Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK) 34.2: English Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Berruto, Gaetano (1987). Varietät. In Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar and Klaus J. Mattheier, eds., 263-267 /*ref*/Bonness, Dania Jovanna (2011). Estuary English in Norfampton? Phonological variation and change in Northampton English. Master's Thesis. Department of Foreign Languages, University of Bergen. Web. 14th April 2015. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Braber, Natalie (2016). Accent Perception: Prestige and Prejudice in three UK varieties. Sociolinguistics Symposium 21. Murcia. 15th June 2016. Paper. Abstract available at (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Britain, David (2005). Innovation diffustion: Estuary English and local dialect differentiation: the survival of Fenland Englishes. Linguistics 43-45: 995-1022 /*ref*/Britain, David, ed. (2007). Language in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Cain, Christopher M. and Geoffrey Russom, eds. (2007). Managing Chaos: Strategies for Identifying Change in English. Studies in the History of the English Language III. Berlin, Germany/New York: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Corbidge, Rob (1998). It's the way you tell 'em, me old Jock sparrer. Sunday Times, 29th March 1998: 3 /*ref*/Crystal, David (2010). Language Developments in British English. In Michael Higgins, Clarissa Smith and John Storey, eds., 26-41 /*ref*/Deterding, David (2005). Listening to Estuary English. TESOL Quarterly 39: 425-440 /*ref*/Eddington, David and Caitlin Channer (2010). American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: social diffusion and linguistic motivation. American Speech 85: 338-351 /*ref*/Eitler, Tamás (2006). Identity construction, speaker agency and Estuary English. In László Varga and Péter Szigetvári, eds.,1-14 /*ref*/Foulkes, Paul and Gerard Docherty, eds. (1999). Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold /*ref*/Geeraerts, Dirk (2008). Prototypes, stereotypes, and semantic norms. In Gitte Kristiansen and René Dirven, eds., 21-44 /*ref*/Gunderson, Keith, ed., (1975). Language, Mind and Knowledge. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press /*ref*/Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise; Lena Bergström, Gerd Eklund et al., eds. (2005). Papers from the Second International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE2) Uppsala University, Sweden, June 12-14, 2003. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet /*ref*/Harmer, Andrew (1999). Andrew Harmer comments. Web Documents Relating to Estuary English. 1st June 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Harris, Gillian (1999). Glasgow puts an accent on Estuary. The Times, 20th February 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Haugen, Einar (1966). Dialect, Language, Nation. American Anthropologist 68: 922-935 /*ref*/Hickey, Raymond (2007). Dartspeak and Estuary English: advanced metropolitan speech in Ireland and England. In Ute Smit, Stefan Dollinger, Julia Hüttner, Ursula Lutzky and Gunther Kaltenböck, eds, 179-190 /*ref*/Higgins, Michael; Clarissa Smith and John Storey, eds. (2010). The Cambridge Companion to Modern British Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Kerswill, Paul (2006). RP, Standard English and the standard/non-standard relationship. In: David Britain, ed. (2007), 1-18. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Köster, Olaf; Roland Kehrein, Karen Masthoff and Yasmin Hadj Boubaker (2012). The tell-tale accent: identification of regionally marked speech in German telephone conversations by forensic phoneticians. The International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law 19: 51-71 /*ref*/Krefeld, Thomas and Elissa Pustka, eds. (2010). Perzeptive Varietätenlinguistik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang /*ref*/Kristiansen, Gitte (2008). Style-shifting and shifting styles: a socio-cognitive approach to lectal variation. In Gitte Kristiansen and René Dirven, eds., 45-88 /*ref*/Kristiansen, Gitte and René Dirven, eds. (2008). Cognitive Sociolinguistics: Language Variation, Cultural Models, Social Systems. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Labov, William (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Oxford. Blackwell /*ref*/Labov, William (1973). The boundaries of words and their meanings. In Charles-James N. Bailey and Roger W. Shuy, eds., 340-373 /*ref*/Lehmann, Winfred P. and Yakov Malkiel. eds., (1968). Directions for Historical Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press /*ref*/Marks, Kathy (1999). Scouse is threatened by the rising tide of Estuary English. The Independent, 1st June 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Melchers, Gunnel and Nils-Lennart Johannesson, eds. (1994). Nonstandard Varieties of Language: Papers from the Stockholm Symposium 11-13 April 1991. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiskell /*ref*/Milroy, Lesley (2007). Off the shelf or under the counter? On the social dynamics of sound changes. In: Christopher M. Cain and Geoffrey Russom, eds., 149-172 /*ref*/Mufwene, Salikoko S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Murphy, Gregory L. (1982). Cue validity and levels of categorization. Psychological Bulletin 91: 174-177 /*ref*/Pustka, Elissa (2009). A prototype-theoretic model of Southern French. In Kate Beeching, Nigel Armstrong and Françoise Gadet, eds., 77-94 /*ref*/Putnam, Hilary (1975). The meaning of meaning. In Keith Gunderson, ed., 131-193 /*ref*/Reif, Monika; Justyna A. Robinson and Martin Pütz, eds. (2013). Variation in Language and Language Use: Linguistic, Socio-Cultural and Cognitive Perspectives. Frankfurt am Main: Lang /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor (1975). Cognitive reference points. Cognitive Psychology 7: 532-547 /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor (1999). Reclaiming concepts. Journal of Consciousness Studies 6: 61-77 /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor and Carolyn B. Mervis (1975). Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories. Cognitive Psychology 7: 573-605 /*ref*/Rosewarne, David (1984). Estuary English: Rosewarne describes a newly observed variety of English pronunciation. Times Educational Supplement, 19th October 1984: 29-30

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analitica Rebiun30758137 https://catalogo.rebiun.org/rebiun/record/Rebiun30758137 200221s2017 xx o 000 0 eng d https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CJES/article/view/54452 10.5209/CJES.54452 S9M oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/54452 https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/index/oai CJES DGCNT S9M S9M OCLCO dc Caught between Aristotle and Miss Marple... - A Proposal for a Perceptual Prototype Approach to "Estuary English" electronic resource] Ediciones Complutense 2017-01-10 Ediciones Complutense application/pdf Open access content. Open access content star More than thirty years after the term was coined by David Rosewarne (1984), linguists have not come anywhere near to agreeing on a linguistically sound definition of the concept of 'Estuary English' (EE). Nevertheless, the term has come to stay. According to John Wells (2013), "we can now expect to be readily understood if we describe someone's speech as 'estuarial'". In this paper, I will argue that 'Estuary English' is the name for a heuristic conceived of and popularized by linguistic laypeople and therefore defying expert linguistic analysis in terms of Aristotelian categories, even sociolinguistically "enlightened" ones. Following Taylor (2003) and Kristiansen (2008), I will suggest describing the resulting folk-linguistic category in terms of the graded structure/prototype approach. In support of the prototype hypothesis, I will present data from an on-going project in perceptual dialectology. It includes judgements of gradience of membership of 171 speakers from the South East of England, the Midlands and Scotland. Asked to rate the recordings of three young middle-class speakers from three Southeastern towns, these speaker-listeners are remarkably consistent in their responses and sometimes remarkably at odds with the analysis of expert linguists English Estuary English; variety; Aristotelian category; prototype category; perception info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Altendorf, Ulrike. cre Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol 24 (2016); 131-154 Complutense Journal of English Studies; Vol. 24 (2016); 131-154 2386-3935 https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CJES/article/view/54452/50279 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2003). Estuary English: Levelling at the Interface of RP and South-Eastern British English. Tübingen: Narr /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2004). Is English becoming more natural and more democratic? The role of language-internal and language-external factors in accounting for current trends in RP, South-eastern British English and beyond. In Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise, Lena Bergström, Gerd Eklund et al., eds., 85-98 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2012). 122. Varieties of English: Estuary English. In Bergs, Alexander Bergs and Laurel Brinton, eds., 1913-1927 /*ref*/Altendorf, Ulrike (2013). Where does the notion of 'variety' start and end? -A proposal for a prototype approach to language variation. In Monika Reif, Justyna A. Robinson and Martin Pütz, eds., 299-326 /*ref*/Ammon, Ulrich, Norbert Dittmar and Klaus J. Mattheier, eds. (1987). An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, Vol. 1, Sociolinguistics/ Sociolinguistik. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter /*ref*/Aristoteles. Metaphyiscs. Trans. W.D. Ross. The Internet Classics Archive. 1994-2009. Web. 7th January 2015. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Bailey, Charles-James N. and Roger W. Shuy, eds. (1973). New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English. Washington: Georgetown University Press /*ref*/Beeching, Kate, Nigel Armstrong and Françoise Gadet, eds. (2009). Sociolinguistic Variation in Contemporary French. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins /*ref*/Bergs, Alexander and Laurel Brinton, eds. (2012). Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK) 34.2: English Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Berruto, Gaetano (1987). Varietät. In Ulrich Ammon, Norbert Dittmar and Klaus J. Mattheier, eds., 263-267 /*ref*/Bonness, Dania Jovanna (2011). Estuary English in Norfampton? Phonological variation and change in Northampton English. Master's Thesis. Department of Foreign Languages, University of Bergen. Web. 14th April 2015. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Braber, Natalie (2016). Accent Perception: Prestige and Prejudice in three UK varieties. Sociolinguistics Symposium 21. Murcia. 15th June 2016. Paper. Abstract available at (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Britain, David (2005). Innovation diffustion: Estuary English and local dialect differentiation: the survival of Fenland Englishes. Linguistics 43-45: 995-1022 /*ref*/Britain, David, ed. (2007). Language in the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Cain, Christopher M. and Geoffrey Russom, eds. (2007). Managing Chaos: Strategies for Identifying Change in English. Studies in the History of the English Language III. Berlin, Germany/New York: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Corbidge, Rob (1998). It's the way you tell 'em, me old Jock sparrer. Sunday Times, 29th March 1998: 3 /*ref*/Crystal, David (2010). Language Developments in British English. In Michael Higgins, Clarissa Smith and John Storey, eds., 26-41 /*ref*/Deterding, David (2005). Listening to Estuary English. TESOL Quarterly 39: 425-440 /*ref*/Eddington, David and Caitlin Channer (2010). American English has goʔ a loʔ of glottal stops: social diffusion and linguistic motivation. American Speech 85: 338-351 /*ref*/Eitler, Tamás (2006). Identity construction, speaker agency and Estuary English. In László Varga and Péter Szigetvári, eds.,1-14 /*ref*/Foulkes, Paul and Gerard Docherty, eds. (1999). Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Arnold /*ref*/Geeraerts, Dirk (2008). Prototypes, stereotypes, and semantic norms. In Gitte Kristiansen and René Dirven, eds., 21-44 /*ref*/Gunderson, Keith, ed., (1975). Language, Mind and Knowledge. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press /*ref*/Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise; Lena Bergström, Gerd Eklund et al., eds. (2005). Papers from the Second International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE2) Uppsala University, Sweden, June 12-14, 2003. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet /*ref*/Harmer, Andrew (1999). Andrew Harmer comments. Web Documents Relating to Estuary English. 1st June 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Harris, Gillian (1999). Glasgow puts an accent on Estuary. The Times, 20th February 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Haugen, Einar (1966). Dialect, Language, Nation. American Anthropologist 68: 922-935 /*ref*/Hickey, Raymond (2007). Dartspeak and Estuary English: advanced metropolitan speech in Ireland and England. In Ute Smit, Stefan Dollinger, Julia Hüttner, Ursula Lutzky and Gunther Kaltenböck, eds, 179-190 /*ref*/Higgins, Michael; Clarissa Smith and John Storey, eds. (2010). The Cambridge Companion to Modern British Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Kerswill, Paul (2006). RP, Standard English and the standard/non-standard relationship. In: David Britain, ed. (2007), 1-18. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Köster, Olaf; Roland Kehrein, Karen Masthoff and Yasmin Hadj Boubaker (2012). The tell-tale accent: identification of regionally marked speech in German telephone conversations by forensic phoneticians. The International Journal of Speech, Language and the Law 19: 51-71 /*ref*/Krefeld, Thomas and Elissa Pustka, eds. (2010). Perzeptive Varietätenlinguistik. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang /*ref*/Kristiansen, Gitte (2008). Style-shifting and shifting styles: a socio-cognitive approach to lectal variation. In Gitte Kristiansen and René Dirven, eds., 45-88 /*ref*/Kristiansen, Gitte and René Dirven, eds. (2008). Cognitive Sociolinguistics: Language Variation, Cultural Models, Social Systems. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter /*ref*/Labov, William (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Oxford. Blackwell /*ref*/Labov, William (1973). The boundaries of words and their meanings. In Charles-James N. Bailey and Roger W. Shuy, eds., 340-373 /*ref*/Lehmann, Winfred P. and Yakov Malkiel. eds., (1968). Directions for Historical Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press /*ref*/Marks, Kathy (1999). Scouse is threatened by the rising tide of Estuary English. The Independent, 1st June 1999. Web. (Accessed November 30 2016) /*ref*/Melchers, Gunnel and Nils-Lennart Johannesson, eds. (1994). Nonstandard Varieties of Language: Papers from the Stockholm Symposium 11-13 April 1991. Stockholm: Almquist and Wiskell /*ref*/Milroy, Lesley (2007). Off the shelf or under the counter? On the social dynamics of sound changes. In: Christopher M. Cain and Geoffrey Russom, eds., 149-172 /*ref*/Mufwene, Salikoko S. (2001). The Ecology of Language Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press /*ref*/Murphy, Gregory L. (1982). Cue validity and levels of categorization. Psychological Bulletin 91: 174-177 /*ref*/Pustka, Elissa (2009). A prototype-theoretic model of Southern French. In Kate Beeching, Nigel Armstrong and Françoise Gadet, eds., 77-94 /*ref*/Putnam, Hilary (1975). The meaning of meaning. In Keith Gunderson, ed., 131-193 /*ref*/Reif, Monika; Justyna A. Robinson and Martin Pütz, eds. (2013). Variation in Language and Language Use: Linguistic, Socio-Cultural and Cognitive Perspectives. Frankfurt am Main: Lang /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor (1975). Cognitive reference points. Cognitive Psychology 7: 532-547 /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor (1999). Reclaiming concepts. Journal of Consciousness Studies 6: 61-77 /*ref*/Rosch, Eleanor and Carolyn B. Mervis (1975). Family Resemblances: Studies in the Internal Structure of Categories. Cognitive Psychology 7: 573-605 /*ref*/Rosewarne, David (1984). Estuary English: Rosewarne describes a newly observed variety of English pronunciation. Times Educational Supplement, 19th October 1984: 29-30